nslookup

The nslookup command exists on both Windows and *NIX, but is particularly important on Windows (where dig is not available).

# nslookup command syntax; only $DOMAIN is required
#
nslookup -type=$QUERY_TYPE $DOMAIN $NAME_SERVER
 
# Examples
#
nslookup -type=A  microsoft.com 8.8.8.8
nslookup          tryhackme.com 1.1.1.1
nslookup -type=MX google.com

On Windows, the nslookup.exe binary also provides a nice shell if run without any arguments. From here, a server to query can be specified (server $IP_ADDRESS), and then ls -d $DOMAIN will provide all records related to the specified $DOMAIN (including, it would seem, subdomain information!).